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Categories: Teoria dell'allenamento

Tapering – Cambiamenti fisiologici durante l’allenamento in scarico – parte 2 (5)

Incremento della potenza muscolare

L’effetto più spesso verificatosi in conseguenza della supercompensazione che segue al Tapering è l’incremento della potenza muscolare. Costill e i suoi collaboratori (1985) riferiscono di aumenti del 24,6% nella potenza muscolare dopo 14 giorni di scarico.

La potenza venne misurata in acqua con una strumentazione a paracadute per il nuoto frenato. Gli stessi ricercatori riferirono di simili aumenti di potenza anche nel caso di movimenti della bracciata simulati a secco. La potenza misurata grazie a una panca biocinetica per il nuoto (tipo VASA trainer) risultò aumentata del 17,7%. Altri studi hanno riferito di aumenti dal 5% al 19% dopo il Tapering (Anderson et al. 1992; Sheply et al. 1992).

Meno creatinchinasi (e che è?)

Un ultimo effetto fisiologico riferito durante il periodo di Tapering è una diminuzione della creatinchinasi (Costill et al. 1985; Yamamoto, Mutoh e Miyashita 1988). Si crede che una elevata concentrazione di creatinchinasi nei muscoli indichi un danno muscolare. Perciò una riduzione nella concentrazione di questo enzima può significare che il danno è stato riparato e che la forza e la potenza del muscolo siano aumentate durante il periodo di allenamento in scarico. Un recente studio di Trappe e collaboratori (1998) getta un pò di luce sui meccanismi che potrebbero essere responsabili di questi aumenti di forza e potenza muscolare.

Essi scoprirono aumenti nella velocità di contrazione dei muscoli, nella forza e nella potenza dopo un periodo di Tapering di 21 giorni. La velocità di contrazione dei muscoli era aumentata del 37% nelle fibre a contrazione lenta e del 55% nelle fibre a contrazione veloce. Forza e potenza non erano mutate nelle fibre a contrazione lenta ma la forza, nelle fibre a contrazione veloce era aumentata del 15% e la potenza del 114%! Come conseguenza le prestazioni dei nuotatori in gara erano migliorate di una media del 4%.